A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries

• Guido Gambacorta,
• James S. Sharley and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1181–1312, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.90

3-Acetoxy-fatty acid isoprenyl esters from androconia of the ithomiine butterfly Ithomia salapia

• Florian Mann,
• Daiane Szczerbowski,
• Lisa de Silva,
• Melanie McClure,
• Marianne Elias and
• Stefan Schulz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2776–2787, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.228

• species in regions where they co-occur. Furthermore, the occurrence of positional isomers of unsaturated fatty acid derivatives indicates activity of two different desaturases within these butterflies, Δ9 and Δ11, which has not been reported before in male Lepidoptera. Keywords: fatty acid esters; mass

• the wing androconia of I. s. derasa and I. s. aquinia were analyzed by GC/MS. The extracts consisted predominately of fatty acid esters with few other compounds (Table 1). While most ithomiines possess PA-derivatives in the androconia [10][11][12][18][19], only two of the five samples of I. s. aquinia

• ]. The differences in the isoprenyl esters reported are present in all individuals tested, pointing to distinct differences in activity of biosynthetic enzymes between the two subspecies. Fatty acid esters, which were repeatedly reported to occur in androconia and male scent glands of butterflies [37][38

Electrochemical oxidation of cholesterol

• Jacek W. Morzycki and
• Andrzej Sobkowiak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 392–402, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.45

• oxidation current. However, cholesterol in blood is mainly present in form of its fatty acid esters. If the total cholesterol amount is needed, the cholesterol esters must be hydrolyzed prior to analysis by the use of cholesterol esterase [51]. A poor stability of the enzymes and an influence of various

A study on the inhibitory mechanism for cholesterol absorption by α-cyclodextrin administration

• Takahiro Furune,
• Naoko Ikuta,
• Yoshiyuki Ishida,
• Hinako Okamoto,
• Daisuke Nakata,
• Keiji Terao and
• Norihiro Sakamoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2827–2835, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.300

• results of Minekus et al. [36]. RM did not decrease micellar cholesterol solubility in FeSSIF. It has been reported that RM decreases postprandial triglyceride elevation, and it was suggested that the mechanism was the stabilization of mixed micelles of fatty acids, fatty acid esters and bile salts [37

Chemical modification allows phallotoxins and amatoxins to be used as tools in cell biology

• Jan Anderl,
• Hartmut Echner and
• Heinz Faulstich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2072–2084, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.233

• studying the kinetics of phalloidin-induced disturbances in the actin system of a cell in correlation with, for example, the development of apoptosis in the cell. Experimental Fatty acid esters of phalloidin Ten micromoles of phalloidin was dissolved in 0.1 mL dry pyridine and reacted with 0.3 µmol of

Ene–yne cross-metathesis with ruthenium carbene catalysts

• Cédric Fischmeister and
• Christian Bruneau

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 156–166, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.22

• , are reviewed in this article. In addition, the use of bio-resourced olefinic substrates is presented. Keywords: catalysis; cross-metathesis; enyne; fatty acid esters; ruthenium; Introduction The interaction of alkyne triple bonds with metal carbenes or metal vinylidene species was already known

• )prop-1-ene, 3-n-butoxyprop-1-ene and allyl acetate. Applications in fatty acid ester derivative transformations The direct transformation of unsaturated fatty acid esters by EYCM has never been performed. This is not surprising as no catalyst has been able to perform the cross-metathesis of alkynes

• with acyclic internal olefins up to now. This would allow the introduction of a conjugated diene system into an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain. However, the production of terminal olefins upon ethenolysis of unsaturated fatty acid esters followed by cross-metathesis with an alkyne in one pot has recently